Abstract

Sedentary African-American (AA) women are at increased risk of hypertension, dyslipidemias, metabolic syndrome, and impaired insulin response to exercise. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on fasting serum insulin and glucose concentrations following 1464 kJ (350 kcal) of exercise and to determine if this response was associated with serum lipid concentrations in overweight AA women. Premenopausal AA women (n = 11, mean ± SD, age = 32.5 ± 4.8 yr., BMI = 29.8 ± 4.8 kg·m-2, % fat = 35.6 ± 6.3, VO2peak = 21.5 ± 3.6 ml·kg-1·min-1, total cholesterol = 4.8 ± 0.6 mmol·L-1, triglycerides = 0.60 ± 0.2 mmol·L-1, HDLC = 3.3 ± 0.5 mg·dL-1) performed 1464 kJ (350 kcal) of treadmill exercise at 60%-70%VO2peak. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were collected 24-h prior to, and immediately, 24-h, and 48 h following exercise. Fasting insulin concentration increased immediately following exercise (Baseline=77.1 ± 10.42 vs. Immediately=117.4 ± 15.28 μU·mL-1, 95%CI= 32.71, 47.89; P<0.05). The change in insulin concentration from 24-h pre- to 24-h post-exercise was correlated with BMI (r= 0.51), VO2peak (r= -0.47), and the change in lipoprotein lipase activity (r=0.37) (P<0.05 for all). In conclusion, in sedentary AA women, the insulin response immediately following exercise may be elevated, and is not suppressed below pre-exercise concentrations during the 48-h following exercise. The insulin response 24-h following exercise is modestly associated with markers of lipoprotein metabolism.

Keywords

Aerobic exercise, Blood lipids, Insulin sensitivity, Metabolism, Sedentary,

References

  1. J.R. Van't Hof, S. Duval, R.V. Luepker, C. Jones, S.N. Hayes, L.A. Cooper, C.A Patten, L.C., Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors With Sociodemographic Characteristics and Health Beliefs Among a Community-Based Sample of African American Adults in Minnesota, Mayo Clinic Proceedings Home, 97(1)(2022), 46-56.
  2. T.C. Hyatt, R.P. Phadke, G.R. Hunter, N.C. Bush, A.J. Muñoz, B.A. Gower, Insulin sensitivity in African-American and white women: association with inflammation, Obesity (Silver Spring) 17(2) (2009) 276-82.
  3. T.A. Spikes, I. Isiadinso, P.K. Mehta, S.B. Dunbar, G.P. Lundberg, Socioeconomic characteristics of African American women attending community blood pressure screenings, American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice, (2022) 13 100123.
  4. J. Goedecke, N. Levitt, E. Lambert, K. Utzschneider, M. Faulenbach, J. Dave, S. West, H. Victor, J. Evans, T. Olsson, BR. Walker, JR. Seckl, SE. Kahn, Differential effects of abdominal adipose tissue distribution on insulin sensitivity in black and white South African women, Obesity 17(8) (2009) 1506-1512.
  5. R.J. Khan, S.Y. Gebreab, M. Sims, P. Riestra, R. Xu, S.K. Davis, Prevalence, associated factors and heritabilities of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study, BMJ open 5(10) (2015) e008675.
  6. T.R. Gaillard, The Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in African-American Women: Emerging Trends and Implications, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 8 (2018) 383.
  7. M.V.F. Mendoza, S.M. Kachur, C.J. Lavie, The Effects of Exercise on Lipid Biomarkers, Methods in Molecular Biology, 2343 (2022) 93-117.
  8. B.A. Lee, D.J. Oh, Effect of regular swimming exercise on the physical composition, strength, and blood lipid of middle-aged women, Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 11(5) (2015) 266-71.
  9. G. Marquis-Gravel, D. Hayami, M. Juneau, A. Nigam, V. Guilbeault, E. Latour, M. Gayda, Intensive lifestyle intervention including high-intensity interval training program improves insulin resistance and fasting plasma glucose in obese patients, Preventive Medicine Reports 2 (2015) 314-8.
  10. E. Sondergaard, M.K. Poulsen, M.D. Jensen, S. Nielsen, Acute changes in lipoprotein subclasses during exercise, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 63(1) (2014) 61-8.
  11. E. Sondergaard, I. Rahbek, L.P. Sorensen, J.S. Christiansen, L.C. Gormsen, M.D. Jensen, S. Nielsen, Effects of exercise on VLDL-triglyceride oxidation and turnover, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 300(5) (2011) E939-44.
  12. C. Durrer, E. Robinson, Z. Wan, N. Martinez, M.L. Hummel, N.T. Jenkins, M.W. Kilpatrick, J.P. Little, Differential impact of acute high-intensity exercise on circulating endothelial microparticles and insulin resistance between overweight/obese males and females, PloS one 10(2) (2015) e0115860.
  13. M. Khalafi, M.E. Symonds, The impact of high-intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in metabolic disorders: A meta-analysis, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(11) (2020) 2020-2036.
  14. B. Leon, S. Jenkins, K. Pepin, H. Chaudhry, K. Smith, G. Zalos, B.V. Miller, 3rd, K.Y. Chen, A.T. Remaley, M.A. Waclawiw, A.E. Sumner, R.O. Cannon, 3rd, Insulin and extremity muscle mass in overweight and obese women, International Journal of Obesity, 37(12) (2013) 1560-1564.
  15. M.C. Fortuin-de Smidt, A.E. Mendham, J. Hauksson, O. Hakim, D. Stefanovski, L. Clamp, L. Phiri, J. Swart, L.M. Goff, L.K. Micklesfield, S.E. Kahn, T. Olsson, J.H. Goedecke, Effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat in black South African women: a randomized controlled trial, European Journal of Endocrinology, 183(1) (2020) 51-61.
  16. W.B. Pilch, D.M. Mucha, T.A. Palka, A.E. Suder, A.M. Piotrowska, A.K. Tyka, L.M. Tota, T. Ambrozy, The influence of a 12-week program of physical activity on changes in body composition and lipid and carbohydrate status in postmenopausal women, Menopause Review, 14(4) (2015) 231-7.
  17. A. Desmeules, C. Couillard, A. Tchernof, J. Bergeron, T. Rankinen, A.S. Leon, D.C. Rao, J.S. Skinner, J.H. Wilmore, J.P. Despres, C. Bouchard, Post-heparin lipolytic enzyme activities, sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in men and women: The HERITAGE Family Study, Atherosclerosis, 171(2) (2003) 343-350.
  18. J.W. Eriksson, J. Burén, M. Svensson, T. Olivecrona, G. Olivecrona, Postprandial regulation of blood lipids and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in type 2 diabetes patients and healthy control subjects, Atherosclerosis, 166(2) (2003) 359-367.
  19. P. Boucher, P.H. Ducluzeau, P. Davelu, F. Andreelli, P. Vallier, J.P. Riou, M. Laville, H. Vidal, Expression and regulation by insulin of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mRNA in human skeletal muscle, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 1588(3) (2002) 226-231.
  20. D.S. King, G.P. Dalsky, M.A. Staten, W.E. Clutter, D.R. Van Houten, J.O. Holloszy, Insulin action and secretion in endurance-trained and untrained humans, Journal of Applied Physiology, (6) (1987) 2247-52.
  21. D.S. King, M.A. Staten, W.M. Kohrt, G.P. Dalsky, D. Elahi, J.O. Holloszy, Insulin secretory capacity in endurance-trained and untrained young men, American Journal of Physiology, 259(2 Pt 1) (1990) E155-E161.
  22. P.W. Grandjean, S.F. Crouse, J.J. Rohack, Influence of cholesterol status on blood lipid and lipoprotein enzyme responses to aerobic exercise, Journal of Applied Physiology, 89(2) (2000) 472-80.
  23. American College of Sports Medicine, (2018) ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 10th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
  24. R.M. Krauss, F.T. Lindgren, R.M. Ray, Interrelationships among subgroups of serum lipoproteins in normal human subjects, Clinica Chimica Acta, 104(3) (1980) 275-290.
  25. A.L. Slusher, M. Whitehurst, R.F. Zoeller, J.T. Mock, A. Maharaj, C.J. Huang, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and substrate utilization following acute aerobic exercise in obese individuals, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 27(5) (2015) 370-376.
  26. K.A. Sjøberg, C. Frøsig, R. Kjøbsted, L. Sylow, M. Kleinert, A.C. Betik, C.S. Shaw, B. Kiens, J.F.P. Wojtaszewski, S. Rattigan, E.A. Richter, G.K. McConell, Exercise Increases Human Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity via Coordinated Increases in Microvascular Perfusion and Molecular Signaling, Diabetes, 66(6) (2017) 1501-1510.
  27. G.R. Warnick, J.J. Albers, Physiological and analytical variation in cholesterol and triglycerides, Lipids 11(3) (1976) 203-208.
  28. L.I. Gidez, G.J. Miller, M. Burstein, S. Slagle, H.A. Eder, Separation and quantitation of subclasses of human plasma high density lipoproteins by a simple precipitation procedure, Journal of Lipid Research, 23(8) (1982) 1206-23.
  29. W.S. Dantas, J.A. Marcondes, S.K. Shinjo, L.A. Perandini, V.O. Zambelli, W.D. Neves, C.R. Barcellos, M.P. Rocha, R. Yance Vdos, R.T. Pereira, I.H. Murai, A.L. Pinto, H. Roschel, B. Gualano, GLUT4 translocation is not impaired after acute exercise in skeletal muscle of women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, Obesity, 23(11) (2015) 2207-15.
  30. J.B. Albu, A.J. Kovera, L. Allen, M. Wainwright, E. Berk, N. Raja-Khan, I. Janumala, B. Burkey, S. Heshka, D. Gallagher, Independent association of insulin resistance with larger amounts of intermuscular adipose tissue and a greater acute insulin response to glucose in African American than in white nondiabetic women, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82(6) (2005) 1210-1217.
  31. A.D. Arad, F.J. DiMenna, N. Thomas, J. Tamis-Holland, R. Weil, A. Geliebter, J.B. Albu, High-intensity interval training without weight loss improves exercise but not basal or insulin-induced metabolism in overweight/obese African American women, Journal of applied physiology, 119 (4) (2015) 352-362.
  32. J.H. Goedecke, N.S. Levitt, J. Evans, N. Ellman, D.J. Hume, L. Kotze, M. Tootla, H. Victor, D. Keswell, The role of adipose tissue in insulin resistance in women of African ancestry, Journal of Obesity, (2013) 952916.
  33. V.S. Conn, R.J. Koopman, T.M. Ruppar, L.J. Phillips, D.R. Mehr, A.R. Hafdahl, Insulin Sensitivity Following Exercise Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Among Healthy Adults, Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 5(3) (2014) 211-222.
  34. R.E. Hasson, P.S. Freedson, B. Braun, Postexercise insulin action in African-American women, Journal of the National Medical Association, 98(11) (2006) 1832-1839.
  35. L. Perreault, J.M. Lavely, J.M. Kittelson, T.J. Horton, Gender Differences in Lipoprotein Lipase Activity after Acute Exercise, Obesity Research 12(2) (2004) 241-249.
  36. J.S. Wooten, K.D. Biggerstaff, C. Anderson, Response of lipid, lipoprotein-cholesterol, and electrophoretic characteristics of lipoproteins following a single bout of aerobic exercise in women, European Journal of Applied Physiology 104(1) (2008) 19-27.
  37. J.S. Wooten, K.D. Biggerstaff, V. Ben-Ezra, A single 1-h session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise does not modify lipids and lipoproteins in normolipidemic obese women, Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 36(5) (2011) 715-722.
  38. L.J. Brandon, J. Owen, Inflammation and Healthy Lifestyle Choices Influence Cardiometabolic Risks in African American Women, Southern Medical Journal, 110(4) (2017) 278-282.
  39. L.L. Adams-Campbell, C. Dash, B.H. Kim, J. Hicks, K. Makambi, J. Hagberg, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal African-American Women, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(4) (2016) 261-266.
  40. Y. Igarashi, Y. Nogami, Response of Lipids and Lipoproteins to Regular Aquatic Endurance Exercise: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 26(1) (2019) 14-30.
  41. F. Jenkins, C. Jenkins, M.J. Gregoski, G.S. Magwood, Interventions Promoting Physical Activity in African American Women: An Integrative Review, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 32(1) (2017) 22-29.